The Changing Practice of Hospitalization for the Mentally Ill

Presentation There have been progressive changes in psychological sickness hospitalization throughout the years. At first, the intellectually sick patients were hospitalized for significant stretches and were shielded from delivering hurt on themselves or others, yet little treatment was advertised. Be that as it may, today there is the utilization of rehabilitative prescription so as to attempt to make the patients to return to autonomous living.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on The Changing Practice of Hospitalization for the Mentally Ill explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More There has additionally been the presentation of the idea of deinstitutionalization, which has guaranteed that psychological patients can find support from network based organizations so as to acclimate to ordinary life. This paper investigates the progressions that psychological hospitalization has experienced since the beginning. Entrance into Mental Institutions Admissi on to a psychological clinic can be through three different ways, for example willful, crisis, or automatic confirmation. In intentional affirmation, patients visit mental foundations and solicitation for hospitalization. Patients who are intellectually sick and are eager to experience treatment are additionally viewed as intentional patients. These patients have a few rights, for example, the option to reject treatment in the event that they are not imperiling others or themselves and the option to demand for release (Tasman and Mohr, 2011). Crisis confirmation patients are the one hospitalized following psychological maladjustment manifestations and practices that can exact mischief to others and to them. After the assessment and treatment of the patients, they can either be released or have their status changed to deliberate patients. While under the crisis affirmation status, the patients’ development into and out of the establishment is limited however they are permitted to talk with their lawful agents (Tasman and Mohr, 2011). Automatic hospitalization is controlled to intellectually sick people whose condition imperil themselves as well as other people, yet decline to be hospitalized or rewarded. Along these lines, this gathering of intellectually sick people is held in a psychological medical clinic without wanting to. They are inspected and on the off chance that they are seen as intellectually sick and liable to make hurt themselves or others, they are conceded under automatic status (Curtis, 2001). The consideration gave to intellectually sick people is affected by the legitimate framework. Emotional well-being experts are required to comprehend the laws that control this training so as to have the option to deal with the patients, while simultaneously securing their wellbeing and rights. The reason, practice, and structure of emotional well-being care have advanced throughout the years. A typical pattern is deinstitutionalization, which incl udes having less patients living in mental medical clinics and conveying less psychological instability medicines in open emergency clinics. This training includes the arrival of patients from mental medical clinics, decrease in the confirmation of patients, and lessening the time allotment that a patient is held at the psychological emergency clinic. It additionally includes the redesign of the exhibitions of mental emergency clinics so as to destroy or diminish maladaptive practices, for example, misery (Barry and Farmer, 2002).Advertising Looking for paper on wellbeing medication? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the nineteenth century, mental medical clinics expanded in size and number. In the start of the twentieth century, there was an expansion in the quantity of patient confirmations and thusly the psychological medical clinics became stuffed. During times of war or financial crumbling, the subsidizing to these fo undations was halted. This prompted poor everyday environments including. The possibility of deinstitutionalization was considered during the 1920s and 1930s as an option in contrast to mental hospitalization. The people group administrations gave lodging, management, and less expensive expenses. The people group administrations were additionally expected to add to better combination of the patients with the general public. During the 1960s, there was an incredible increment in deinstitutionalization and the timeframe that patients should remain in mental emergency clinics was decreased by the greater part. In 1963, President John F. Kennedy impacted the death of the Community Mental Health Centers Act, which gave subsidizing to network wellbeing offices that served the intellectually sick individuals from the general public. This Act prompted expanded deinstitutionalization. The government supported emotional well-being care (Dowdall, 1996). Deinstitutionalization furnishes intelle ctually sick patients with an increasingly liberal and accommodating treatment in network based offices. It encourages mental patients to acclimate to the life outside the psychological establishment. This is accomplished by expelling the patients from the organizations where their social conduct might be adjusted to the conditions in that institutional condition. The patients can settle on their own decisions and along these lines they become engaged and free. The people are liberated from institutional desires and governs and in this manner, they alter all the more effectively to the everyday life (Barry and Farmer, 2002). End From the above conversation, obviously the act of hospitalizing the intellectually sick people in the general public has experienced wonderful changes. Mental patients no longer need to spend numerous years in mental medical clinics however can go to network based offices where they are assisted with coordinating with the general public. Deinstitutionalizati on has functioned admirably for most mental patients yet has had some negative effects. A few patients have been not able to achieve better social mix and have stayed jobless and without social contacts. Different patients were released before they were solid and steady and wound up going to prison or getting destitute. Besides, the built up network administrations couldn't meet the unpredictable needs of the psychological patients. Reference List Barry, P.D., and Farmer, S. (2002). Emotional wellness and Mental Illness. USA: Lippincott Williams Wilkins.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on The Changing Practice of Hospitalization for the Mentally Ill explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Curtis, A. (2001). Automatic Commitment. Recovered from http://psychrights.org/states/Maine/InvoluntaryCommitmentbyAliciaCurtis.htm Dowdall, G.W. (1996). The Eclipse of the State Mental Hospital: Policy, Stigma, and Organization. USA: SUNY Press. Tasman, An., and Mohr, W. K. (2011). Basics of Psychiatry. USA: John Wiley Sons. This article on The Changing Practice of Hospitalization for the Mentally Ill was composed and put together by client Dominic Hill to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for examination and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it in like manner. You can give your paper here.

All living things use some way to survive and defend themselves

Every living thing utilize some approach to endure and protect themselves. Frogs utilize their skin from numerous points of view consequently. So how do frogs utilize their skin, shading and toxic substance to endure and guard themselves? In this paper you will figure out how frogs utilize their skin to live, endure and safeguard themselves.Frog skin is meager and stripped. It has no scales, no hair, and no plumes. In any case, the skin of a frog is basic to their endurance. Through it, the two of them drink and relax. They additionally utilize their skin to assimilate all the dampness they need through their skin since they don't swallow. In spite of the fact that frogs do have lungs, they depend on the additional oxygen they assimilate through their skin, particularly when theyre submerged. Frogs must keep their skin clammy. Something else, oxygen cannot go effectively through their skin and they choke. Frog skin secretes a bodily fluid that encourages them keep soggy. All things b eing equal, their skin will in general dry out which is the reason they ordinarily remain close to waterways. They depend on dew for dampness or tunnel themselves underground in wet soil. In spite of the fact that they depend on their skin for a great deal of purposes they do restore themselves by shedding their skin once every week. This procedure comprises of a ton of curving, bowing and extending to slacken the skin. When the frog has released !it enough it pulls the skin over its head like a sweater and typically eats it.I have been portraying basic and consistent purposes behind the significance of frog skin. Be that as it may, there are more motivations to make it all the all the more intriguing. In frogs, pigmentation or skin shading relies upon the nearness of particular cells and the subsequent optical wonders. These phones are separated from the purported neural peak during the phase when the cerebrum and the spine are being framed and afterward move to the outside of the skin. The developmental history of the science of pigmentation might be dry material, however it is the reason for the amazing ...

No Good Deed Goes Unpunished

No Good Deed Goes Unpunished Billie Holiday said it best, Them thats got shall get, Them thats not shall lose God bless the child thats got his own. If knowledge is power, then good blogs elevate and transform their audiences into power brokers. For some time now Ive been intrigued by all forms of communication and their effect on society, in particular that of minority populations. Ive come to see the Internet (and now blogs) with a strong fascination, mild skepticism and much trepidation. My blog will hopefully give you a backstage pass to the theater of the absurd, better known as College Admissions. Ive resisted jumping into the fray until now for one simple reason: I didnt feel that I had anything of substance to share. But the more that I speak to young people, the more Im convinced that there is room for one more raspy and slightly nasal New York voice. Can we tawk? DISCLAMER: THIS BLOG IS NOT THE PLACE TO WORK OUT POLITICAL OR RACIAL AGRESSION. IF THAT IS THE FIGHT YOU ARE LOOKING FOR, MAY I SUGGEST AM TALK RADIO. Instead I will discuss real issues that affect minorities and the college application process. Does that mean that you have to be a minority to glean wisdom from, or participate in, this blog? Au contraire, mon frere! This is a place to recognize and support all diversity with particular sensitivity to the African American, Latina/o, and Native American communities. I cant promise you the answers to all of your questions remember, the only way out is to THINK your way out. Enough said. Lets get down to business. Who is This Guy? Hey Skeech how did we get here? (Movie trivia #1) Good question! Please allow myself to introduce myself. (Movie trivia #2) I was born in Queens, New York and Ive lived in Seoul, Republic of Korea; Tacoma Washington; Indianapolis, Indiana; Newark, Delaware and most recently Ithaca, New York. I am a graduate of Norfolk State University (Home of the Spartans!) and the University of Delaware, (Home of The Fightin Blue Hens AKA The Ass Kickin Chicken!). I served as an active duty US Army Officer (Adjutant General Corps) where I learned how to jump from perfectly good aircraft while in flight. (AIRBORNE ALL THE WAY!). Finally, I am married to Kristina with 2 daughters Lauren (13), McKinley (21 months) and a son due in early January. Ive always been interested in causes where I can make a difference. While in grad school at UD I had the chance to accompany a faculty member on a recruiting trip. I was blown away! I remember saying to the Professor a few weeks later, I really enjoyed that recruiting thing last week too bad you cant do that as a job. His response was quite appropriate: Well, Bryan, its not a job; its a profession called College Admissions. Three weeks after graduation I entered the profession as an Admissions Counselor at Ithaca College. Since then Ive held several positions, all related in some way to minority recruitment at Cornell University. Fast-forward six years and Im the new Director of Minority Recruitment at MIT. So tune in periodically; well laugh, well cry, well dole out a hefty share of sarcasm. Is the glass half empty or half full? Who cares, I ordered a pizza!

A Woman s Experience Of Slavery Essay - 1377 Words

In history, a woman s experience of slavery is presumed inadequate and useless. Unfortunately, there are many experiences of women during slavery that is untouched and needs some highlight. For instance, did enslaved women work as much as enslaved males? If so, did they work in the same field or was there a difference. Women grew burdensome in that they would spitefully work inefficiently and slower than needed, leading to the resistance. Specifically, this paper s discussion why are similarities and differences in the roles of enslaved women who resided in both Jamaica and Barbados bring complications to slave owners. I will attempt to understand the percipience of female slaves in the Caribbean, in order to gain a better insight into their lives and daily experience that may or may not have been similar or different as well as what are some possible reasons why an enslaved females’ history is ignored and often generalized. In the reading Laboring Women: Reproduction and Gender in New World Slavery, it sheds light on the fact women worked as hard as men in the field work made available to them in Barbados. For instance, men worked jobs considered â€Å"skilled† while women in comparison got jobs that were not primarily for reproductive purposes as assumed from past slavery readings, but instead women performed â€Å"women’s work† (Morgan, 2004). Slave owners often refused to allow enslaved women to occupy â€Å"skilled or artisanal positions† which were more common for men meant thatShow MoreRelatedOverview. Octavia Butler’S Kindred Focuses On The Perspective1731 Words   |  7 Pageschange and acceptance. Butler utilizes Dana’s position in society to portray the cruelty of slavery and the power that society can have on the ideals and morals of individuals, such as the developing character of Rufus. Throughout the book, the issue of slavery is addressed through a multitude of different themes that span across Dana’s different experiences and struggles. Butler aims to reveal the aspects of slavery from the perspective of Dana in order to emphasize the widespread effects of prejudiceRead MoreThe Life Of A Slave Girl By Harriet Jacobs928 Words   |  4 PagesIn her poignant autobiography, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, Harriet Jacobs offers the audience to experience slavery through a feminist perspective. Unlike neo-slave narratives, Jacobs uses the pseudonym ‘Linda Brent’ to narrate her first-person account in order to keep her identity clandestine. Located in the Southern part of America, her incidents commence from her sheltered life as a child to her subordination to her mistress upon her mother’s death, and her continuing struggle to liveRead MoreThe Abolitionist Appeal On Slavery Essay1318 Words   |  6 PagesFredrick Douglass’s goals in writing the abolitionist appeal was to shed light on why slavery is something that should be condemned and talks about how the society should not use slaves to get things done. He was just trying to eradicate slavery and everything it stood for, and that shows what kind of person he was and speaks volumes to who he was as an individual. 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Morgan captures the history of Virginia while keeping focusing on the social and political elements that uplifted the way of slavery. With the focus on Virginia, the book also probes the central paradox of American history: how a people could have developed the dedication to human liberty and dignity exhibited by the leaders of the American Revolution and at the same time have developed and maintained a system of labor that deniedRead MoreThe Dangers Of Discrimination Is Not Just An Issue Of The Past1588 Words   |  7 Pagesto this injustice. Does the world ever think African American men are in trouble because their lives are on a risk because of their skin color? It began with slavery which was around the 1600’s when blacks were shipped to white people to have them work, clean, numbers of years, that ended on December 18, 1865. Since the beginning of slavery the world has been falling apart and continues to do so unt il this day. The black and white americans in the past and even today have vastly different views ofRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1300 Words   |  6 Pagesshare his own personal  experiences and struggles from a slave to a freeman.   Frederick Douglass was born in Talbot county, Maryland. He was the son of Harriet Bailey and his father was a white man   (Douglass 1). After living with his master for nine months, Frederick was sent to stay with Mr. Covey, a man who is known for â€Å"breaking down young slaves† (Douglass 34). But while he was at Mr Covey’s Douglass faced many struggles. Frederick Douglass s struggles against slavery can be seen when he resistedRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Life Of A Slave Girl By Harriet Tubman1721 Words   |  7 PagesInjustice is a prevailing theme in Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl by Harriet Tubman, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass by Frederick Douglass, Spider Woman s Web by Susan Hazen-Hammond and Great Speeches by Native Americans by Bob Blaisdell; the diligence of several characters have made it possible for them to preserve and overcome injustices. America has not always been a land of the free for colored people; white settlers destroyed the meaning of freedom when they robbed the landRead MoreThe, By Ann Gutmann971 Words   |  4 Pagesdirectly reflects my paper and the individual’s experiences during the early 1800’s. This paper will share key details of Charlotte Forten’s journal. Charlotte Forten was an African-American girl that attended a private school in New England. This pa per will also showcase the book the Lakota Woman by Mary Brave Bird, a Native American woman that endured in order to survive during the 1800’s. Changes for the better include systems in place to end slavery, to stop racism, and to protect women’s rightsRead MoreU.S History Is A Bitter Sweet Tale Of Many Triumphs And1305 Words   |  6 Pagestriumphs and failures. A country built on the promise of an individual s alienable rights, but practiced taking away those rights from most of its people . Slavery, though in the past it will never be forgotten, was one of the darkest times in U.S history and still is a reminder of what humans can do to each other. After decades of abuse of the African Americans people the passing of the Emancipation Proclamation made slavery illegal and set those imprisoned free. Many had to fight hard to achieve

Relationship Between Rising Us Unemployment and the...

Is there a relationship between rising US unemployment and the rise of the Canadian dollar? Canada’s financial stability depends on the health of America’s economy, as international trade accounts for 45% of Canada’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and 79% of exports are to the United States. Canadian and American unemployment rates are positively correlated for that reason, as exemplified in early 2009. Canada’s unemployment rate quickly steepened as the United States’ rate gradually increased to about 10% (refer to graph 1 and 2). During this time, Canada’s growing trade surplus became a deficit in only a few months (refer to graph 3). From this data, one can determine that Canada’s exports decreased rapidly due to rising economic†¦show more content†¦Although lower interest rates can improve domestic spending, it will discourage foreign investors because the return on their investments decreases. As of September 2011, the US interest rate is close to 0% and Canada’s rate is at 1% as determined by the Bank of C anada. Low interest rates indicate that the US is in poor financial health. More countries will want to invest in Canada if the US is in a risky financial situation and additionally, provides low returns. The value of the Canadian dollar rises when demand increases. Due to America’s increasing government debt and declining interest rates, Canada’s economy is comparatively more stable. Canada’s credit rating is currently higher than America’s. A credit rating indicates the financial health of a country and how large the risk is for lenders to invest. Standard and Poor’s, a credit rating agency, currently downgraded America’s rating to AA+ from the highest score of AAA. The downgrade was a result of the U.S.’s increasing debt from the recession. Canada’s credit rating is still the highest at triple-A because of the country’s stability. Canada is more attractive to invest in, as there are solid returns on the interest rates and low risk for lenders. Increased demand in Canadian assets can result in a higher exchange rate. Investors want to put money into a country where they believe it is a safe haven. Although Canada can become moreShow MoreRelatedRising Us Unemployment and the Canadian Dollar1609 Words   |  7 PagesIs there a relationship between rising US unemployment and the rise of the Canadian dollar? Canada’s financial stability depends on the health of America’s economy, as international trade accounts for 45% of Canada’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and 79% of exports are to the United States. Canadian and American unemployment rates are positively correlated for that reason, as exemplified in early 2009. 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Three Different Religious Views on Serving the Homeless Free Essays

Devin Felder Miss Coles World Religion 8 December 2011 Three Different Religious Views on Serving the Homeless People who practice Buddhism believe that giving is a major foundation of their lifestyle. They believe that being generous is very important and to be taken seriously. â€Å"Compassion and love are not mere luxuries. We will write a custom essay sample on Three Different Religious Views on Serving the Homeless or any similar topic only for you Order Now ? As the source both of inner and external peace,? they are fundamental to the continued survival of our species† (His Holiness the XIV Dalai Lama). They see serving others as a vow or commitment they have made with their faith. They view this subject as if you can see yourself in others, who is there for you to hate? Buddhist monks â€Å"beg† for a living to make themselves dependent upon the compassion of others. â€Å"If you do not tend to one another, then who is there to tend you? Whoever would tend me, he should tend the sick† (Vinaya, Mahavagga 8. 26. 3). They believe that you harm no one, help anyone you can. â€Å"Just as a mother would protect her only child at the risk of her own life, even so, cultivate a boundless heart towards all beings. Let your thoughts of boundless love pervade the whole world† (Sutta Nipata 149-150). They believe in considering others as yourself. Jewish law mandates helping the poor and that specifically includes housing. Jews feel that the word â€Å"charity† implies that your heart motivates you to go beyond the call of duty. They also feel that the word â€Å"tzedakah,† however, literally means righteousness — doing the right thing, and a â€Å"tzaddik,† likewise, is a righteous person, someone who fulfills all his obligations, whether in the mood or not. Helping the less fortunate is very important to them and helps them to feel complete. â€Å"Abraham gave Malki- Tzedek one-tenth of all his possessions† (Genesis 14:20). Jews believe that it is their duty to help others in need. â€Å"Jacob vowed to give one-tenth of all his future acquisitions to the Almighty† (Genesis 29:22). They believe that rightfully that God commands them to help the poor. It is their right. If there is a needy person among you†¦you must open your hand and lend him sufficient resources for whatever he needs. For the poor will never disappear from the earth, which is why I command you: open your hand to the poor and needy kinsman in your land† (Deuteronomy 15:7-8, 11). They have a sheer compassion for helping those in need. Muslims believe that it is part of our human nature to help, support, and be generous towards those who cannot cover their own needs. Which is how I feel about the subject. â€Å"He who sleeps on a full stomach whilst his neighbour goes hungry is not one of us† (Prophet Muhammad). They try not to think about the homeless as being any lesser than them, they that they are people too who may have just lost their way. He (Allah) has set up the balance (of justice), in order that ye may not transgress (due) balance. So establish weight with justice and fall not short in the balance† (The Qur’an 55: 7-9). They believe that Allah is testing their love for him when they encounter the unfortunate. They think that if you are patient, caring and forgivin g towards others, no matter what you’ve done, Allah will have mercy on you. â€Å"Whoever relieves his brother of a trial or a difficulty in this life, God will relieve him of a trial in the next life† (Prophet Muhammad). They feel that in order for them to move on into the next life they must keep Allah happy by helping out others. They believe that one wants for his brother what he wants for himself. Homelessness and poverty and how we handle is a very touchy subject all around the world. All of these faiths all basically have the same concept on homelessness. They all feel that it is their purpose on Earth to help others who cannot sometimes help themselves. We al want the satisfaction of knowing that we helped a person in need. How to cite Three Different Religious Views on Serving the Homeless, Papers

The Unmanageable Star Performer Essay Example

The Unmanageable Star Performer Essay Kumar, the managing partner at Leman Highlander and Companys Iambi office. Vicar is a star performer, praised for his ability to attract large clients and grow the bottom line of the business. Unfortunately, he is also become known as a hothead, perfectionist and dictator and his employees are finding it very difficult to work for him, hence leading to a 34% turnover rate. If I were Stefan, I would tell the truth to Vicar and share what I learned In speaking with his team. The key aspect of any leadership role Is not Just about attracting the right people more importantly, It Is about keeping them. He has made It so that his employees fear him rather than respect him and he has neglected some of the most basic needs of any professional the need for a delicate work/elf balance, the need to feel motivated and Inspired and the need to love what you do. I would reference the corporate values and Illustrate the need to attract and keep employees. Ay has made it so that the organization Is not only losing valuable employees, but these employees are also now going to the competition with an insiders scoop of how Leman operates. And since they have severed ties, they may be saying negative things to prospects in ongoing sales cycles, especially if they end up in a competitive sales cycle against Leman. They also may be posting things online about the organization and its work environment which could truly hinder the level of talent that they are able to attr act moving forward. We will write a custom essay sample on The Unmanageable Star Performer specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Unmanageable Star Performer specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Unmanageable Star Performer specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer I would not fire Vicar as he has proven to be a valuable asset to the company. However, I would want to get an understanding from Vicar on why he is leading in such an aggressive manner. Maybe he does not actually enjoy being in leadership? If that is the case, I would request that he moves into a sales role, responsible for some of the largest, most strategic accounts and allow him Just to focus on closing business. This could help yield more revenue for the Iambi office and alleviate all of the internal issues. Plus, he would most likely make more money in that role. If he does want to stay in a leadership role, I would have him take mandatory leadership raining sessions and put parameters in place for required results the following quarter. If turnover does not decrease to industry standard, he would need to step down from his position. It would be an extremely difficult conversation to have but clearly he does not possess the necessary leadership abilities to employ a successful and happy team. If this Is not addressed, the problems will only get worse more people will get burnt out and leave, there will be people flocking to the competition and It will become Increasingly more difficult to find top talent to backfill these roles. The Unmanageable Star Performer By gerrymanders In this weeks article, we read about Vicar Kumar, the managing partner at Leman Unfortunately, he is also become known as a hothead, perfectionist and dictator and If I were Stefan, I would tell the truth to Vicar and share what I learned in speaking with his team. The key aspect of any leadership role is not Just about attracting the right people more importantly, it is about keeping them. He has made it so that his Asia needs of any professional the need for a delicate work/life balance, the need to feel motivated and inspired and the need to love what you do. I would reference the corporate values and illustrate the need to attract and keep employees. Vicar has made it so that the organization is not only losing valuable this is not addressed, the problems will only get worse more people will get burnt out and leave, there will be people flocking to the competition and it will become increasingly more difficult to find top talent to backfill these roles.

Summarise discussions on the main challenges and consequent changes in policy and ideology over 60 years of the NHS. The WritePass Journal

Summarise discussions on the main challenges and consequent changes in policy and ideology over 60 years of the NHS. Introduction Summarise discussions on the main challenges and consequent changes in policy and ideology over 60 years of the NHS. IntroductionScenario 4: Health Trainers.Scenario 5: Sure Start. ReferencesRelated Introduction In the 1940s new legislation aimed to remove Beveridge’s five ‘giant evils’ of Want, Disease, Idleness, Ignorance and Squalor (NICE 2010). This was due to a shift in political ideology from the individualistic to the collective because the Labour government at this time believed in ‘democratic socialism’ partly as a result of societal change due to the Second World War. Another key example of this shift was the NHS which was established by Aneurin Bevan in 1948. The NHS had three key principles of the service being free at the point of delivery, being comprehensive in covering all individuals in Britain and that access would be based on need (NHS 2009). In 1951 Labour pioneered the dental and eye service charge and prescription charges were only just avoided. However the Conservatives increased dental and eye charges and also introduced the prescription charge in 1952 which had two increases in 1956 and in 1961 which was the biggest policy change in the financing of the NHS (Webster, 1998:39). This shifted the political ideology away from collectivism because prescription charges meant that health care was no longer free for all. Thatcherism was another shift away from collectivism as the government needed to meet the challenge of saving money due to a global recession and the NHS’s budget was a major use of resources. According to Taylor-Gooby (1988:2), In the early and mid-1980s existing social divisions deepened: provision aimed specifically at poor minorities was tightly constrained, whereas services used by the mass of the population were little affected by spending cut-backs. This was linked to the new policy where managers of NHS Trusts were given limited budgets and had to ensure that they remained within them which meant that some services had to be cut in order to ensure that they could balance the books at the end of the financial year (Walsh et al., 2000). This was a clear of example of health and social care managers needing to interpret government legislation and policies in order to ensure that they could meet targets needed to gain funding for the next financial year. This was carried out through the use of internal markets which were created by Thatcher’s government in order to streamline the NHS’s use of services and ensure that prices were competitive. The next challenge to the NHS was New Labour’s election in 1997. According to Driver and Martell (1998) this led to a post-Thatcherite shift in political and social ideology where collectivism and the Welfare State began to be rebuilt. Their approach was to offer a diverse range of services, because of the wide diversity in individuals living in modern Britain. Who now had a longer life expectancy and to promote freedom of choice, with an emphasis placed on meeting the needs of their service users which was similar to the original NHS mandate (Driver and Martell, 1998). For example, in 2002, Primary Care Trusts (PCTs) were created to improve administration and delivery of healthcare services at the local level (NHS Choices, 2008). According to NHS Choices (2008), PCTs control over eighty percent of the budget and contract out services but that because they are local they can best understand the needs of their community. PCTs moved away from Thatcherite management which had led to too many priorities being set, challenging the NHS’s ability to provide a healthcare service (West, 1997). PCTS were created with a â€Å"single management structure†, which meant that budgets and equipment was shared to provide an integrated service without wasting money, for the reason being that management was no longer spread among multiple people (Clouston, 2005:9). Social policy and political ideology is once again challenging the NHS from 2010, as another global recession has led to the need to cut public services. This also shows a shift back towards the individualistic ideology of Thatcher. The White Paper Liberating the NHS (2011:3) aims to â€Å"putting patients at the heart of the NHS, focusing on improving outcomes† and â€Å"empowering local organisations and professionals†. This will be done by giving managerial power to GPs and those who are in direct contact with patients on a local level, which is similar to Blair’s plans although there will be a Central Commissioning Board in charge of ensuring financial targets are met. However, health inequalities revealed in the Black Report (1980), the Acheson Report (1998) and the Marmot Report (2010) show that the NHS is still being challenged by Beveridge’s giants today. Scenario 4: Health Trainers. Choosing Health (2004) was put in place to help tackle health inequalities and to improve health by providing a new service that could help individuals to achieve a healthier lifestyle. The latest Department of Health (DoH) White Paper, Our Health, Our Care, Our Say (2006) mentioned the health trainers in the latest NHS ‘Life Checks’ and that the service’s ethos was to provide ‘support from next door’ (DoH, 2006:236). This new service brought in individuals who had experience in health inequalities and were from the local community (DoH, 2006).   However Marmot (2009) states that inequalities exist because of â€Å"social inequalities in society, not simply because of inequalities in healthcare†, and that the solutions to those inequalities should reflect their causes and covers the â€Å"social, economic, cultural and political† (DoH, 2009:2).    A General Practitioner (GP) can encourage individuals that would seem unlikely to take part in any other health support schemes, to engage in this service as health trainers support individuals in Healthy Eating and Physical Activity, Diet Weight Loss, Drugs Alcohol, Sexual Health, Smoking Cessation, Smoking during pregnancy, Mental Health, Depression and Anxiety, Cancer Screening and Health Checks (DoH, 2004). Health trainers aim to inspire individuals in the community to change their lives which in return would help the individuals to have higher self-esteem, help them to become fitter and fulfil the primary objective- to lower costs for the NHS by reducing their burden on services due to an unhealthy lifestyle. The Yorkshire and the Humber Primary Care Trust (YHPCT) (2009) suggested that clients that used this service, 99% changed their lifestyle and improved their health by effectively helping them to control their existing conditions. This was mainly because they felt that the health trainers were local individuals, and could communicate with the community on their level, by empowering clients to think of solutions and helping them to maintain their choices (YHPCT, 2009). However in some cases individuals would be signposted to other organisations to help them with their lifestyle choices like Slimming World, where they would receive free vouchers every week, explaining how to access services where they would get extra help. This is just one of many ideas, which would also help with the equal allocation of health care equity. However the NHS geographical plan for health equity resource allocation is being denied with a wide range of variables in socio-demographic and socio-economic health care utilisation known as the postcode lottery (DoH, 2005b). Policies need to evolve each year for the health trainers otherwise this could have an impact on the programmes. Health trainers should also be put into place in all health centres at a national level, which would support all individuals with inequality in their communities. According to the DoH (2011), their vision is for the financial strain on the NHS to be significantly reduced by the distribution of health promotion funds. In 2005 there were twelve sites for health trainers with each allocated  £200,000 to empower clients to transform their health and the DoH suggested there will be funding nationally until 2011 (NHS 2009). This is a significant shift in direction of public health policy from treating ill-health towards prevention by reducing inequalities as focused on by The Black Report (1980), the Acheson Report (1998), the Darzi Review (2008) and the Marmot Report (2010). Prime Minister Tony Blair stated that individuals who want to improve their lifestyle have to make the decision themselves and that the government â€Å"cannot and should not pretend it can make the population healthy† but instead offer them the support necessary for them to do so (DoH, 2004:207). The health trainers program was a key tool for this strategy, although it took five years to put into practice and is still not present in all areas. As a result, Tony Blair said small changes can make a big difference to people’s lives this service is not yet available as â€Å"support from next door† to all individuals (DoH, 2004). Scenario 5: Sure Start. The Government has introduced detailed policies to tackle social determinants of health inequalities; which included the ten-year health inequalities targets and community-based initiatives including Health Action Zones, Sure Start and Healthy Towns. Health Action Zones (HAZs) were the New Labour government’s first important policy, using a multi-agency group to try to diminish health inequalities. Acheson stressed how important the quality of life is in a child’s early years. (Acheson et al 1998). The New Labour government suggested that they want to radically reduce child poverty by 2010 and eliminate it by 2020. However these targets were missed in 2004-5, furthermore they are not on target for 2010-2011(Parliamentary Business, 2009). The New Labour Government poured three billion pounds into Sure Start when it was introduced in 1998, to try to provide help to disadvantaged families in the fundamental early years of a childs life (Wilce, 2008). This would be done by trying to attain enhanced results for families and the community by increasing childcare, improving a childs health and emotional growth and also supporting the child’s parents and encouraging them to strive towards employment (ET, 2007). However this vision for helping deprived families was an optimistic one as the government said that out of the 14 outcomes measured that related to health and chil d development, Sure Start only impacted on five; there was no positive impact taking place within language development, accidents, father’s involvement, maternal Body Mass Index, maternal smoking or childrens immunisations (Parliament UK, 2009). In 2007 Education Today (ET) reported that Hull University conducted research about Sure Start which suggested that even though Sure Start was aimed at underprivileged areas, underprivileged and marginalised people were not gaining any benefits. The report also argued that Sure Start were generally taken up by middle-class families, and was not creating contact with minority groups such as travellers, vagrant workers and families of Bangladeshi origin and Sure Start was criticised for not employing any translators or staff from ethnic and minority communities (Bagley and Ackerley, 2006). There was also some apprehension over the deliverance and performance of a Third Way multi-agency programme (ET, 2007). It has been suggested that Sure Start has moved away from its first focal point on disadvantaged children and become a universal choice. Burkard (2010) argues that the government should fund disadvantaged children instead of the Sure Start centres, and that any nursery involvement that has money thrown into it, is more than unlikely to improve the life chances of children from deprived areas. The centres could be beneficial in other areas for mothers and children because children could have early gains in acquiring knowledge and social development, but they seem to almost immediately fade when children enter into full- time education (Burkard, 2010). New Labour tried to implement strategies to prevent health inequalities through the early years of a childs life with Sure Start, and national assessments have shown that Sure Start has been successful in some parts of eradicating health inequalities but only achieving five out of the fourteen assessments (Education Today, 2007). There needs to be a considerable amount of improvement when it comes to reaching minority groups and getting better health results for parents and their children. Furthermore, there are some fears that broadening this policy through children’s centres nationally would divert their main goal of helping reduce inequalities for the underprivileged families that need the support most. References Acheson, D., Barker, D., Chambers, J., Graham, H., and Marmot, M. (1998). Independent Inquiry into Inequalities in Health: Report. London: The Stationery Office. Acheson, D. (2008). Independent Inquiry into Inequalities in Health. London: The Stationery Office. Bagley, C. and Ackerley, C.L. (2006). I am much more than just a mum. Social capital, empowerment and Sure Start. Journal of Education Policy. Vol. 21. Issue 6: 717-734. Black, D. (1980). Inequalities in Health: Report of a Research Group. London: DHSS. Burkard, T. (2010). Analysis: Can only literacy guarantee a Sure Start. [Online] Available at nurseryworld.co.uk/news/1012960/Analysis-literacy-guarantee-Sure-Start/[Accessed 13/04/2011]. Clouston, T.J. (2005). The Context of Health and Social Care. In T.J. Clouston and L. West (Eds). Working in Health and Social Care: an introduction for allied health professionals. London: Churchill Livingstone. Department of Health (2005a). Briefing Paper 1 Health Trainers, Department of Health. Department of Health. (2005b). Written Ministerial Statement on Health Trainers, House of Commons. Department of Health. (2006). Our health, our care, our say: a new direction for community services. London: Department of Health. Department of Health. (2011). Liberating the NHS: Legislative framework and next steps – Executive Summary. Available at dh.gov.uk/prod_consum_dh/groups/dh_digitalassets/documents/digitalasset/dh_123853.pdf. [Accessed 24/03/2011]. Driver, S. and Martell, L. (1998). New Labour- Politics After Thatcher. Cambridge: Polity Press. Education Today. (2007). Lifeline or waste of money? [Online] Available at educationtoday.co.uk/news/fullstory.php/aid/461/Sure_Start:_lifeline_or_waste_of_money_.html   [Accessed 15/04/2011]. Marmot, M., Allen, J., Goldblatt, P., Boyce, T., McNeish, D., Grady, M. and Geddes, I. (2010). Fair Society, Healthy Lives. London: The Stationery Office. NHS Choices. (2008). History of the NHS. nhs.uk/Tools/Documents/HistoryNHS.html. [Accessed 21/02/2011]. NHS Choices. (2009). NHS core principles. Available at nhs.uk/NHSEngland/thenhs/about/Pages/nhscoreprinciples.aspx. [Accessed 28/02/2011]. NHS. NICE (2009). National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence.   Available atnice.org.uk/newsroom/niceannualconference/niceannualconference2009/niceconf2008day1.jsp [Accessed 24/02/2011]. Parliamentary Business (2009). Health Inequalities Health Committee. Available at parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/cm200809/cmselect/cmhealth/286/28608.htm#n130 [Accessed 18/03/2011]. Taylor-Gooby, P. (1988). The future of the British welfare state: public attitudes, citizenship and social policy under the Conservative governments of the 1980s. European Sociological Review. Vol. 4 (1): 1-19. The Yorkshire and Humber Teaching Public Health Network (2010). Health Trainers Executive Summary. Available at: yhtphn.co.uk/assets/files/Health%20Trainers/1%20Final%20HT%20story%20300910.pdf. [Accessed 04/04/2011]. Walsh, M., Stephens, P. and Moore, S. (2000). Social Policy Welfare. Cheltenham: Stanley Thornes. Webster, C. (1998). The National Health Service: A Political History. Oxford: Oxford University Press. West, P. A. (1997). Understanding the National Health Service Reforms: The Creation of Incentives?. Buckingham: Open University Press. Wilce, H. (2008). A bit of a mess: why the Governments plans to end child poverty were botched. [Online] Available at hilarywilce.com/feature_articles_view.php?cid=180   [Accessed 12/04/11].

Pinterest Tips for Freelance Writers

Pinterest Tips for Freelance Writers Like many people, I used to see the social-networking site Pinterest as merely a place to show pictures of pretty clothes and yummy food. Yet the more I learned about the marketing possibilities of Pinterest, the more I realize that I (and you) can use Pinterest to boost freelancing income. First, understand the demographics. Youll reach lots of women. In fact, 80 percent of Pinterest users are women, according to Digital Marketing Ramblings. That means that if you write stuff popular with women, such as romance novels and health articles, you stand first in line. Then, use the boards to show facets of your career and life. For example, even though I have a board for my freelancing, I also pin pictures of food, fashion, cute male celebrities. If you head to my Pinterest account, youll see that I adore the actor Justin Theroux. I also like cupcakes. Pinterest Analytics, like Google Analytics, generates comprehensive statistics on a specific websites traffic, helping marketers in their campaigns. It collects data on the percentage of change within a specific time, determining whether a product becomes more or less popular, and it guides marketing agencies towards changing strategies to gain more popularity. Oftentimes, marketing agencies change the visual content of their pins to appeal to the Pinterest community. While only certain companies such as Salesforce and Hootsuite are given access to Pinterest Analytics data, you can use a rough version of analytics to figure out the popularity of your content. So if you start a board showing pins of your published writing, create pins that show writing that appeal to the mostly-female community. Youll become more popular pinning about a traditional recipe for chocolate-chip cookies than pinning about sports or other stuff that appeals mostly to men. Like Facebook and Twitter, Pinterest uses â€Å"following† and messaging to connect users to each other. In 2014, Pinterest introduced instant messaging, a faster way to share content. When one of your followers repins or like your pin, contact them directly. Your follower will appreciate your personal response and will potentially make your boards more popular among her own followers. Youll also find boards of fellow freelance writers. For example, I went to Google and typed in â€Å"Pinterest freelance writing boards.† One of the many results was a board for breaking into regional parenting magazines. I studied the content of this board and gained potential markets for my parenting articles. I also found boards on freelance writing tips, resources. To attract more traffic to your Pinterest platform, start a board full of your own tips. Repin and like the freelancing pins that you especially connect to. In 2015, Pinterest celebrates its fifth anniversary. Its grown from a home business with 5,000 users to a valuable resource for companies such as The Gap and political wives such as Ann Romney and Michelle Obama. Use some tactics from content strategists to take your freelancing to another level. Enclosed are several resources for freelance writers who also use Pinterest: Time names Pinterest.com one of the best websites of 2011 time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2087815_2088159_2088155,00.html Pinterest more popular than LinkedIn, YouTube, and Google+ http://mashable.com/2012/02/01/pinterest-traffic-study/ Pinterest drums up more business that Facebook washingtonpost.com/business/technology/pinterest-vs-facebook-whose-users-spend-more/2012/05/09/gIQATXkoCU_story.html 140 Amazing Pinterest Stats http://expandedramblings.com/index.php/pinterest-stats/#.U5E-wpRdWzd The official website pinterest.com/

International Management Master Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

International Management Master - Assignment Example Morgan Chase, Allstate, Prudential, Dell, Cisco, Microsoft and Motorola have all adopted it in some form as they shift their managerial frames of reference toward the requirements of the global-network era. Companies would do well, the Oddou (1999) advises, to think rationally - not emotionally - about off shoring's relevant issues: What are their core competencies What form of governance is optimal How will work will be distributed and integrated to the new staff and how well they can get settles with the new environment Since outsourcing contracts often last for five or more years, corporate officers responsible for selecting the manager with whom they wind up going down the legal path often compare the pact to that of a marriage. The reason is that trust is as important to an outsourcing manager as it is to a spouse. But before an outsourcing relationship reaches that point, many outsourcing managers note that they wind up going through a systematic process of gathering intelligence about their possible partners, and often about themselves. Manager or staff selection first involves self-assessment. Before even undertaking the manager's selection, a corporation should determine whether it needs to outsource in the first place. A company must assess the raw economics of a project, says Howard Rubin, executive vice president with the Meta Group Inc., which advises corporations on outsourcing. It also must weigh the fixed costs of moving production or a task to an outsourcing vendor, as well as the variable ones, he notes. Once that's done, a strategic accounting must be completed. "If your business is building bridges, you don't want to worry about maintaining and painting the ones you've already built," Rubin says. Those are things you outsource if it takes away from your core business focus. It's not unusual for a company to decide not to outsource. One outsourcing officer of a major industrial company based in the Midwest says half the time his company examines an outsourcing request from a business unit, no outsourcing assignment winds up being made. There are numerous reasons for that, including fear about intellectual assets losing their protection once outside the corporate cocoon. "With IP (intellectual property), once you move outside, you're at risk of losing it," says one outsourcing manager in the Midwest. That's why trust becomes so important when selecting a Manager. It must be someone who can respect proprietary information. Trust, of course, must be earned. It's somewhat intangible, and generally doesn't emerge until hard fact-finding is completed. The Midwestern outsourcing manager says when an entire assignment is considered, and staffs needs to be selected, as many as 25 people can be working on a prospective mandate at his company. In hiring managers from another country or culture there are three aspects to be considered, what codifiability, standardizability and modularizability. Codifiability refers to the extent to which the activities in an occupation can be described completely in a set of

Final Project- Step Three Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Final Project- Step Three - Assignment Example Second (2), I used text with highlights on is edges and separated thoughts through title and subtitle with their accompanying highlights of putting them in bold and underline. The third (3), I put colors on the text. Fourth (4), I used a simple black and white diagram of the internal working structure of a human ear. And lastly (5), I used a full colored diagram of the human ear. The purpose of this approach is for the audience to experience the increasing ease of understand the message or lecture as the mode of visual progresses from simple text to the use of colored diagrams. By using the same subject with different modalities of conveying beginning from a simple text to a full colored diagram, the audience will readily understand how effective visuals in conveying information. This is consistent with the cliche that goes â€Å"A picture is worth a thousand words†. I Calibri text Parts and Functions of the ear The human ear is divided into five parts. These five parts of hum an ear, have specific functions that help in the process of hearing. Parts of Human Ear The parts of the human ear include: Outer Ear Middle Ear Inner Ear Acoustic Nerve Central Auditory Processing Centers Outer ear is divided into the pinna and the external auditory meatus. The pinna, also known as the auricle is the external ear part that is located and seen on each side of our head. It is made up of cartilage and soft tissue. This helps in maintaining a particular ear shape and remains pliable. The pinna is like a funnel that collects the sound vibrations from around us and funnels them towards the external auditory meatus(Buzzle.com,nd). II Times New Roman with titles and subtitles Parts and Functions of the ear The human ear is divided into five parts. These five parts of human ear, have specific functions that help in the process of hearing. Parts of Human Ear The parts of the human ear include: Outer Ear Middle Ear Inner Ear Acoustic Nerve Central Auditory Processing Centers Outer ear is divided into the pinna and the external auditory meatus. The pinna, also known as the auricle is the external ear part that is located and seen on each side of our head. It is made up of cartilage and soft tissue. This helps in maintaining a particular ear shape and remains pliable. The pinna is like a funnel that collects the sound vibrations from around us and funnels them towards the external auditory meatus (Buzzle.com,nd) . III Texts with colors Parts and Functions of the ear The human ear is divided into five parts. These five parts of human ear, have specific functions that help in the process of hearing. Parts of Human Ear The parts of the human ear include: Outer Ear Middle Ear Inner Ear Acoustic Nerve Central Auditory Processing Centers Outer ear is divided into the pinna and the external auditory meatus. The pinna, also known as the auricle is the external ear part that is located and seen on each side of our head. It is made up of cartilage and soft tissue. This helps in maintaining a particular ear shape and remains pliable. The pinna is like a funnel that collects the sound vibrations from around us and funnels them towards the external auditory meatus (Buzzle.com,nd) . IV Diagram of the ear in black and white Source: Gallaudet university V

Examining Perfectly Competitive And Monopoly And Oligopoly

Examining Perfectly Competitive And Monopoly And Oligopoly For the cause of enlarging our knowledge of Economics, we did this assignment. There are three main parts in it. They are Perfectly competitive, Monopoly and Oligopoly, which are really important in Economics. But not simple to learn in Economics study. The questions need us to draw graphs and use calculations for them. These questions would help us have a better understanding of them. Finding: 1.A number of markets are developing on the Internet. One of those market is eBay. Check out eBay at www.eBay.com and explain whether you believe that the eBay Internet auction market is perfectly competitive. Be sure to explain which of the six conditions of a perfectly competitive market are met and how. A: eBay is an online auction Website. Consumers use the Internet to research the goods they desire, then they look for bargains of the same products on eBay. If the products are available, a bid is entered and the winner of the auction eventually pays with her credit card. In addition to regular mail, vendors also use express-mail service to send the purchases to buyers if they choose that option. eBay is different from Amazon.com, another popular e-commerce Website, in that prices on eBay are set by the negotiation between bidders and sellers, whereas Amazon.coms prices are mostly determined by sellers. It is likely to Taobao, which is a well-known shopping website in China. ( http://baike.baidu.com/view/7777.html?wtp=tt, 2010) I believe that the eBay Internet auction market is perfectly competitive. Because it possess these four characteristics: There must be many and sellers in the market, none of whom is large enough to influence price. eBay have kinds of sellers to satisfied distinct demands in goods of consumers. No big firms control small firms. There is freedom of entry to and exit from the industry. Firms must be able to establish themselves in the industry easily and quickly. eBay sellers can entry and exit the business depend on their wishes. Buyers and sellers posses perfect knowledge of prices. They know the market and price well. They gain lots of information about that. All firms produce a homogeneous product. For example, there are many sellers in eBay have the same product, you can choose one base on service or else.  ¼Ã‹â€ Marcouse, 2008) Perfect competition requires that the following six conditions be fulfilled. In such a market, prices would normally move instantaneously to economic equilibrium. Atomicity An atomistic market have small producers and consumers on a given market, so that its actions have no important impact on others. Firms are price takers, which means that the market decide the price that they must choose. Homogeneity Goods and services can substitute perfectly, so all firms sell the same product. There is no difference. Perfect and complete information All firms and consumers understand the prices decide by the whole firms. Equal access All firms have entryed to production technology. If they wanted, they could free to entry or leave. Individual buyers and sellers act independently The market cannot have scope for buyers or sellers get together to have a overall view about the market price. (http://www.statemaster.com/encyclopedia/Perfect-competition#Requirements, 2010) Draw marginal revenue ¼Ã…’marginal cost and average total cost curves for a typical perfectly competitive firm and indicate the profit-maximising level of output and total profit or loss for that firm. Is the firm in long-run equilibrium? Why or why not? Figure1 This is a typical perfectly competitive firm firm graph. It is loss. Figure 2 Yes. It is long-run equilibrium. Because there is a point that LRAC line, ATC line, MC line and MR line intersect. The United States Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulates interstate and international communications, including merger activity within industry. Go to the FCC website at www.fcc.gov and search communication companies and answer the following questions: What reasons do consumers and producers have for opposing the merger? What reasons do consumers and producers have for supporting the merger? Does the theory of a monopolist discussed in class and the textbook support the reasons stated in your answers to a and b? A: a). 1.A monopolist charges a higher price and produces less output than a perfectly competitive firm. 2.Consumers have less choice, because one product only be produced bu one firm. 3.High barriers to entry means other firms cannot enter the market. 4.Governments can earn heavily tax through monopolies. 5.Governments can nationalise the monopoly (make it public) and therefore can keep prices too high. 6.Government can decline entry barriers (which is not good for the monopolistic firm). 7.The economy may suffer as less consumer spending may happen because of high prices charged by monopolistic firms. 8.Exploitation of consumer price discrimination 9.Potential for inefficiency complacency over controls on production 10.costs because there is no competition 11.May lack motivation and innovation because there is no competition To sum up, these 11 disadvantages of monopoly. Consumers and producers have for opposing the merger for their own profit. (Marcouse, 2008) b). 1.A monopoly may produce at a lower cost than a competitive industry. This is due to economies of scale, which a monopoly is able to exploit more than a competitive firm, as the monopoly is the sole provider of that good. The ability to set prices at a higher level in order to gain an abnormal profit. However, monopolistic firms are not simply able to charge a price they deem fit for the product, since it is constrained by its demand curve. A higher price will result in a fall in demand, and that may subsequently lead to a fall in revenue (depending on elasticity). The majority of monopolies are belonging to government, so tax will be higher. It can give more money to perfect public goods. Consumers may like price discrimination as it could be in their favour. There can be more control and stability in an industry if a monopoly is present. If it is a natural monopoly, it would be suitable an necessary. Encourages spending on RD which may create better products. Some products and services are not likely to be produced without some guarantee of monopoly protection. Economies of scale can be gained consumer may benefit from a lower cost In conclusion, consumers and producers supporting it, because of these several advantages. c). In general, I think monopolist discussed in class and textbook support the reasons stated in my answers to a. Because from a and b we can know disadvantages of monopoly are greater than advantages. It harms consumers through charging a higher price and producing a lower quantity than would be the case in a perfectly competitive situation.And a monopolist is inefficient because resources are under distributed to the production of its product. ( Smith, 2010 ¼Ã¢â‚¬ ° Draw demand, marginal revenue, marginal cost and average total cost curves for a typical monopolistic firm and indicate the profit-maximising level of output and total profit or loss for that firm. Is the firm in long-run equilibrium? Why or why not? How does the profit-maximising position differ from that of a perfectly competitive firm? A: This is a typical monolistic graph. It is a loss. Monopolist can make a profit in the long-run. If the position of a monopolists demand and cost curves give it a profit and nothing disturbs these curves, it can make a profit in long-run. But there is no need to distinguish between the short run and long run for a monopolist. - a monopolist can make a profit in the short run and long run. - it can make a loss in the short run and long run.  ¼Ã‹â€ Smith, 2010 ¼Ã¢â‚¬ ° From these two graphs we can see, the Demand and Marginal cost curves of the monopolist are downward sloping. In perfect competition they are horizontal. But the maximizes profits point are the same, when MC=MR.(graphs from Smiths PPT, 2010) Oligopoly The organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is an international cartel. Go to its home page at www.opec.org to answer the following questions: What are OPECs objectives of OPFC? How does it meet those objectives? What countries are members of OPEC? What percentage of world oil production comes from these nations? In what way is OPEC a cartel? What significant oil-exporting countries are not members? What has OPEC done to limit the effect of nonmember production on its own pricing decisions? A:a)1.In accordance with its Statute, the mission of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is to coordinate and unify the petroleum policies of its Member Countries and ensure the stabilization of oil markets in order to secure an efficient, economic and regular supply of petroleum to consumers, a steady income to producers and a fair return on capital for those investing in the petroleum industry.OPECs objective is to co-ordinate and unify petroleum policies among Member Countries, in order to secure fair and stable prices for petroleum producers; an efficient, economic and regular supply of petroleum to consuming nations; and a fair return on capital to those investing in the industry. In a word, OPEC organization is assorting with members oil policy, and unify them. Then decide to use the most suitable way to protect their own or personally benefit. (http://www.opec.org/opec_web/en/about_us/23.htm, http://www.opec.org/opec_web/en/about_us/24.htm, http://baike.baidu.com/view/24477.htm?fr=ala0_1, 2010) (1)The member countries delegates of OPEC in the OPEC meeting seek unity of oil policy. And contribute to prosper the oil market. These countries aim at the international situation and marketing trends of oil. They have a discussion and analysis to decide the increasing rate of economics. And also control the demand and supply of oil. (http://baike.baidu.com/view/24477.htm?fr=ala0_1, 2010) b) 1. Angola, Algeria, Ecuador, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela and the United Arab Emirates. OPEC nations still have 2/3 of the worlds oil reserves. In April 2009, 33.3% of the worlds oil production, affording them lots of controlling in the global market. The next largest group of producers, members of the OECD and the Post-Soviet states produced only 23.8% and 14.8%, respectively, of the worlds total oil production.Since 2009, OPEC has ordered a production ceiling of 24.84 million barrels per day. At the end of 2008, OPEC had twice reduced the output quota by a total of 4.2 million barrels to 24.8 million barrels per day. In 1996, the members countries have 76.6% of oil, 69.7% in 2007. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OPEC, http://www.hxen.com/englishnews/world/2010-03-18/103865.html, http://www.qqkqw.com/html/cyclopedia/ziyuanzhanlve/ziyuanxingshi/2010/02/23/152105199.html, 2010) Definition:1Cartel is a group of firms formally agreeing to control the price and output of a product.(Smith ,2010) In some markets, producing firms or producing countries band together, usually to restrict supply; this allows them to raise prices and increase their profits or revenues; the best known cartel is OPEC which restricts the supply of oil onto world world markets. OPEC countries, with less than half of current world output but with most of the worlds oil reserves, manipulate the price of oil by restricting supply. Overall, these evidence proves that OPEC did act as a cartel.(Marcouse, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OPEC#Economics,2010) c). 1. The oil-exporting countries which are not memebers also produced great amount. For example, Russia have the second oil produced in barrels per day, just less than Saudi Arabia, 9,810,000 bbl a day in 2009. United States are the third, 8,514,00 bbl a day in 2008. China is the fourth, which is 3,795,000 per day in 2008. ( https://www.cia.gov/liabrary/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2173rank.html, 2008) 2.OPEC cannot control the international oil market. Draw demand,marginal revenue, marginal cost and average total cost curves for a typical oligopolistic firm and indicate the profit-maximising level of output and total profit or loss for that firm. Explain why prices are stable or sticky in this model. What are the characteristics of oligopoly? This is a typical oligopolistic firm. The graph shows total profit. A: 1.No incentive for price increases; Total Revenue will fall No incentive for price decreases; Total Revenue will fall 2.Mutual interdependence is a main characteristic of oligopoly and it may cause prices to be sticky. The market price incline to remain stable, or rigid, at the kink in the demand curve. 3.To maximize profits, oligopolistic firms operate where MR = MC. Because of the kinked demand curve, there is a range of MC curves which equal MR at the same price: price rigidity.( Smith, 2010) 1.Industry dominated by small number of large firms, but many firms may make up the industry; mutual interdependence among the large firms High barriers to entry Products could be highly differentiated each large firm producing a branded product Non-price competition(e.g 4 Ps) Price stability within the market-kinked demand curve Knowledge of market is not perfect,but there is potential for collusion among firms ( Smith, 2010)

Blood Case Study Essay

1. A) The primary disorder of this person is Hemolytic Anemia. That is when the bone marrow is unable to produce more red blood cells to make up for the ones being lost. There are more being destroyed faster and the bone marrow can not keep up. http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/ha/ha_whatis.html B) The cause of the leukocytosis is that there is an increase in the production of white blood cells and in this case it is the level of lymphocytes that are elevated. The bone marrow is making too many white blood cells. There is an abnormality in the bone marrow concerning the production of white blood cells and too many are released in the blood. http://www.medindia.net/education/familymedicine/Leukocytosis.htm C) The cause of the thrombocytopenia is due to a low platelet count. The bone marrow is making enough platelets to keep up with the ones being lost. http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/diseases/facts/thrombocytopenia.htm D) The cause of anemia is due to a decreased red blood cell production by the bone marrow. The red blood cells are being destroyed faster than the bone marrow can replace them. The bone marrow is being over exerted. 2. Cephalosporin is used to treat infections caused by bacteria. She will exhibit her skin bruising easily, fatigue, nose bleeds and general weakness http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/thcp/thcp_signs.html 3. People with advanced kidney disease commonly become anemic because the kidney’s produce EPO(Erythropoietin) which helps the bone marrow make red blood cells. When they are diagnosed with kidney disease the kidney’s do not make enough EPO and therefore the bone marrow makes less red blood cells causing anemia. http://kidney.niddk.nih.gov/kudiseases/pubs/expect/ 4. A decrease in plasma protein would cause swelling in legs, loss of appetite, excessive urination, headache and jaundice of the skin. A disorder that could cause these effects would be liver disease. 5. The kidney’s are used to regulate blood volume and also the hematocrit. Restricted blood flow will cause an increase in the hematocrit. Low blood pressure causes an increase in hematocrit. 6. Total bilirubin would be increased in a person that has liver damage. 7. The type of white blood cell that would be in great numbers in an infected cut would be a neutrophil. They are produced in the bone marrow. They are fast acting and arrive at the site of an infection within a hour. They kill pathogens by phagocytosis. http://coloncancer.about.com/od/glossary/g/neutrophils.htm 8. Leukocytes also known as white blood cells would be elevated in a person who is combating a virus. Leukocytes defend your body against infections. http://www.buzzle.com/articles/leukocytes-white-blood-cells.html 9. Vitamin K aids in blood clotting. Prolonged use of antibiotics can kill the bacteria in the intestines and cause a deficiency in vitamin K. A vitamin K deficiency can lead to bleeding. http://www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/vitamin-k-000343.htm 10. Having few megakaryocytes would reveal that this person is likely to be having a low platelet count resulting in anemia. 11. Fetal hemoglobin is able to bind to oxygen with greater liking than adult. The fetus has better access to oxygen from mother’s blood. Fetal hemoglobin last about 6 months after the child is born and is taken over by adult hemoglobin. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetal_hemoglobin 12. Febrile non-hemolytic reaction is most common. It is usually caused by cytokines. It is associated with fever and there is no real lasting side effects. Acute hemolytic reaction is a real serious emergency. It occurs when the person is destroying the donors red blood cells. It is usually caused by giving wrong blood during a transfusion. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfusion_reaction 13. When a Rh negative person is first exposed to Rh positive blood a first time the body builds antibodies like it is something foreign. The second time the person is exposed to Rh positive blood the body is going to attack it. It has built up antibodies against the Rh factor. http://mmcenters.discoveryhospital.com/main.php?id=2093 14. My diagnosis is that she has Cushing’s Disease. There is a tumor in the pituitary gland. The tumor is caused by the adrenal glands, which are making too much of the hormone cortisol. http://familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/common/hormone/623.html 15. 1) The primary disorder of this person is Iron Deficiency Anemia. There is too little iron in the body. 2) The ferrous sulfate and ferrous gluconate is necessary because it is a type of iron. It will help the body get back to its normal limit of iron. 3) Some dietary suggestions would be to eat fish, meat mainly liver, fortified cereals and bread because they are all good sources of iron. http://l3.leukemia-lymphoma.org/attachments/National/br_985716044.pdf 16. 1) The disorder of this person is polycythemia Vera. If the EPO levels were increased it would indicate something else and if the arterial oxygen level was high it would indicate something else as well. 2) Phlebotomy will help correct this problem because by removing so much blood over a course of time it will reduce the number of red blood cells and reduce the blood volume so blood can function normal. 3) Myelosuppressive therapy may be needed because phlebotomy may not be enough to correct the problem. The bone marrow’s ability to make red blood cells is being suppressed. 4) The BUN and Creatinine rule out renal or kidney failure. 5) Albumin, ALT, AST, and Bilirubin indicate possible liver problems. http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/polycythemia-vera/DS00919 April Trotter BIO 169 Blood Vessel Histology 1) An artery is an elastic and muscular blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart. There is one exception, the pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs so they can get oxygen ad remove carbon dioxide. Blood is delivered to the arterioles and capillaries trough the systemic arteries. There are three types of arteries. The elastic artery which allows the arteries to stretch. The muscular artery is the most common. There are little or no elastic fibers. They are very strong but not flexible. The arterioles are the smallest of the arteries. They are very important in blood pressure control. The aorta is an elastic artery and is the largest artery in the body. It delivers blood to all parts of the body. The aorta is divided into five sections the descending, ascending, aortic arch, thoracic aorta and the abdominal aorta. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/36874/artery 2) The capillaries are the smallest blood vessels. They have only a tunica intima. They are very fragile and easily destroyed. They have no smooth muscle. The continuous capillaries are the strongest and do not leak. They are found mostly in muscle. Fenestrated capillaries are found in the kidney, pancreas and intestine and are leaky. Sinusoidal capillaries are very leaky and have many pore openings. They are located mainly in the spleen, liver and bone marrow. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capillaries 3) The vein carry blood toward the heart. Veins act as a blood reservoir. There is a low pressure in the veins and they have a thin wall. There is a muscular pump which the veins are placed between skeletal muscle. When the vein is squeezed blood is returned to the heart. The respiratory pump involves the diaphragm. Vein consist of three parts. The tunica externa which is made up of connective tissue and nerves. The tunica media is composed of smooth muscle and the tunica intima is composed of simple squamous. Veins also have valves to prevent blood from flowing the wrong way. http://www.blobs.org/science/article.php?article=54#4 4) The arterioles are the smallest of the blood vessels. They extend from an artery and lead to a capillary. They have only little muscle mass and contain smooth muscle. They carry blood away from the heart as well. They are very important in blood pressure regulation. They change size to keep up with the flow of blood. http://highbloodpressure.about.com/od/highbloodpressure101/p/circ_art3.htm 5) Atherosclerosis is when plaque build up inside an artery and causes a blockage. It is caused by damage to the endothelium. Cholesterol starts to stick, smooth muscle grows abnormally, calcium starts to stick and gets stuck in plaque causing it to get hard. The plaque can rupture and cause blood clots. If the plaque breaks it can move in the blood and cause a heart attack or a stroke depending on where the blockage is. It is a slow progressive disease. http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=4440

Swot Analysis Of Uber - 1125 Words

Introduction Uber is a high Tech company that was founded in 2009. It connects Transportation with technology via a mobile application that can be used with smartphones and users can submit their trip request. Uber services are available in 66 countries and 449 cities across the globe this includes South Africa; currently Johannesburg, Pretoria (City of Tshwane), Cape Town and Durban. There are number of reasons why users love using Uber. It’s because of its convenience and it’s less costly. Uber users are able to choose their ride and set location see the picture of the driver whom they are allocated to together with the vehicle details and they are able to estimate their arrival on time on the map. However Uber is being challenged by†¦show more content†¦Below are the strengths that Uber possess: †¢ It’s a well international recognised brand †¢ 24/7 availability, request a ride any time of day, any day of the year †¢ It has high standards of service, their vehicles go through inspection and they have to be of a certain standard â€Å"road worthy certificate†, quality and below a certain mileage. Their Drives are carefully selected meaning they must have no criminal record, pass an eye test and have a verified SA drives licence. †¢ They have a rating system for their drivers †¢ In a country like South Africa with high crime rate, security of payment is essential as holding cash is dangerous therefore In terms of fares Uber uses cashless payment system, which means that customers are not required to hold cash for the purposes of paying for the trip as the application deducts the cost of the trip directly from the customer’s bank account. 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civil diobedience Essay - 1039 Words

civil diobedience Not everyone knows what civil disobedience is. Civil is something relating to a community or to a citizen. Disobedience is failure or refusal to obey. Therefore, civil disobedience is citizens failing to obey the law. Not meaning robbery or murder but to protest against something. Speaking your mind when something is not right. For example a group of people might be against killing animals. A group of vegetarians may stand out in front of a meat market holding signs a chanting how they don’t think that people should eat meat because innocent animals are being killed. They may try to tell the customers how they are doing a terrible thing. They would state their opinions hoping the people may listen.†¦show more content†¦He used this so the clergymen can relate. These are the people the clergymen worship and follow, so King figured they might listen. King felt Birmingham had been unjust and segregated. He says, â€Å"To put it in the terms of St. Thomas Aquinas, an unjust law is a human law that is not rooted in eternal and natural law†. Again he refers to someone the clergymen are familiar with. Trying to have understood. The thing that bothered King most was that white ministers knew this was justice and they just kept silent. They did not do anything to say blacks should have equal rights even though they believed they should. Instead they were silent which King thought was just as bad as hateful words and actions. King argues that the clergymen referred to the activity in Birmingham as extreme. He did not like the act they called him an extremist. Then he explains it is okay because, what about Jesus? He was an extremist. Then he mentioned more people like Amos, Paul, Jon Bunyan, Lincoln, and Jefferson. Everything King wrote in his letter he backed up with religious people, people who had made a difference in this world. He talks about the belief in god and to know moral and unjust laws. Every individual should have equal rights, according to King. That is in the Constitution. The thing is that not everybody does. Everyone is equally worth the same, but that is not expressed by everyone. This is one of Kings main arguments. Martin Luther King Jr. wrote